内蒙古自治区页岩气资源远景探讨     

荣丹文  张劼  荣晓伟  李建伏  范士彦  王丽娜 《中国煤炭地质》2013,25(4)

内蒙古自治区发育有三套富含有机碳的泥页岩地层,即中-上元古界渣尔泰山群和白云鄂博群的海相含炭页岩系:晚古生界上石炭统太原组和二叠系山西组的海陆交互相含炭页岩系;中新生界的陆相含炭页岩系,页岩气主要赋存在陆相含炭页岩系中.根据煤、油气勘查成果以及页岩气评价资料,认为鄂尔多斯盆地含页岩气地层厚度大,有机质碳含量高,为好的烃源岩;在阿拉善盆地、二连-海拉尔盆地、通辽地区中生界炭质页岩、煤层及油页岩发育且厚度大,河套盆地中渐新统临河组和中新统五原组形成于潟湖相,富含有机质,为生油气的有利层位,推断这些盆地页岩气资源前景良好.依据页岩气形成条件和含页岩气地层的相关分析,提出页岩气勘查工作首先在鄂尔多斯盆地和二连-海拉尔盆地群展开,在获得一定成果的基础上,再对阿拉善盆地和河套盆地进行勘查,对通辽盆地页岩气进行野外调查.  相似文献   

High-resolution profiles of iron, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, copper and zinc in the pore water of estuarine sediment     

Z. Yang  W. Guo  Y. Fan  C. Lin  M. He 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(2):275-282

The remobilization of iron, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, copper and zinc in the pore water of estuarine sediment cores at Yingkou was assessed using diffusive equilibrium in thin films and diffusive gradients in thin films techniques. A relatively anoxic system (+33.7 to ?224.1 mV) in the sediment cores might cause the reductive release of iron, manganese and cobalt into pore water from the estuarine sediment. High-average concentrations of iron (47.85 μg ml^?1) and manganese (3.81 μg ml^?1) were observed using diffusive equilibrium in thin films on the sediment core, but the concentration of cobalt (18.02 ng ml^?1) was relatively low. A strong correlation between iron and cobalt was observed based on the vertical profiles of the metals. Manganese and iron were more readily released from the solid phase to the solution. The peak cobalt, copper and zinc concentrations were observed in the upper layer (2–4 cm) measured using diffusive gradients in thin films. However, the peak iron, manganese and cobalt concentrations were located in the deeper layer (≥7 cm). In addition, the concentration profiles measured using diffusive gradients in thin films of cobalt, copper and zinc were independent of the iron, manganese and cobalt distribution with respect to depth.  相似文献   

伏牛山构造带变质流体脉变形特征及构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任升莲  宋传中  Lin Shoufa  李加好  涂文传  马涛  宫龙  黄鹏  颊建  杨帆  刘乐 《地质科学》2013,(3):626-637

伏牛山构造带由多条近平行的断裂带和夹持其间的变形岩片组成,洛南-栾川断裂带和瓦穴子-乔端断裂带为其中的两条主要断裂带。这两条断裂带虽遭受多期强烈构造活动的影响,但主造山期的构造特征至今仍然保存完好,并以中深层次的韧性剪切变形为主,形成了典型的糜棱岩和同构造期石英脉。本文从宏观、微观、超微观变形特征及年龄等方面对这些变质流体脉进行了研究,以探讨与其形成密切相关的构造活动特征、年代及其在秦岭造山带和华北板块南缘强变形带中的作用。石英脉中石英颗粒动态重结晶特征总体显示远离剪切带只有少量的膨凸式,靠近断裂带为亚颗粒式,形成核-幔结构,位错特征显示远离剪切带位错密度较小,靠近断裂带较大,位错形态显示瓦乔断裂带以挤压为主,洛南-栾川断裂带以剪切为主。两条断裂带石英脉的变形特征说明它们的糜棱岩化过程均为塑性变形中的晶质塑性变形,形成过程均为挤压在先,剪切在后。所测糜棱岩中石英脉的ESR年龄分别为372.9±30.0 Ma、275.0±20.0 Ma和218.0±20.0 Ma,真实地记录了晚加里东至中-晚海西期北秦岭的构造活动及所受影响。其中372.9±30.0 Ma是宽坪岩块向华北板块下的斜向俯冲汇聚和走滑的年代, 275.0±20.0 Ma是瓦乔断裂带的形成年龄。218.0±20.0 Ma的年龄则反映了华南、华北两大板块印支晚期全面闭合作用在秦岭造山带内部的影响。从以上3个年龄可以看出:北秦岭各构造带自北向南演化,时代上自北向南变新。  相似文献   

Recalibration and Clarification of the Formula Applied to the ISRM-Suggested CCNBD Specimens for Testing Rock Fracture Toughness   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Q. Z. Wang  H. Fan  X. P. Gou  S. Zhang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(2):303-313

The cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD) was proposed by the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) to test the mode I (opening mode) fracture toughness of rock. The test method has been vigorously discussed and debated, despite being the subject of intensive research for decades. The minimum (critical) dimensionless stress intensity factors affiliated with the formula for calculating the fracture toughness using CCNBD specimens with different geometric parameters remain elusive and complex. The matter cannot be resolved by simply replacing the diameter in the original formula with the radius, as claimed by several authors. In this paper, the formula is fundamentally improved, as wide-ranging minimum dimensionless stress intensity factors pertaining to diversified CCNBD geometries are recalibrated by three-dimensional finite element analysis, and an expression with tabulated coefficients is obtained through curve-fitting the data obtained from the numerical calibration. The present results are shown to be more accurate than those in the literature. Furthermore, the importance of the reasonability of the results is highlighted; a comprehensive comparison of different values shows that the upper bounds of minimum stress intensity factors are violated by the above claim. The confusion resulting from the claim is, thus, clarified conclusively.  相似文献   

Dynamic Study on Fracture Problems in Viscoelastic Sedimentary Rocks Using the Numerical Manifold Method     

Zhijun Wu  Louis Ngai Yuen Wong  Lifeng Fan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1415-1427

The viscoelastic deformation behavior of a sedimentary rock under different loading rates is numerically modeled and investigated by the numerical manifold method (NMM). By incorporating a modified 3-element viscoelastic constitutive mode in the NMM, crack initiation and propagation criteria, and crack identification and evolution techniques, the effects of the loading rates on the cracking behavior of a sedimentary rock, such as crack open displacement, crack sliding displacement, crack initiation, crack propagation and final failure mode, are successfully modeled. The numerical results reveal that under a high loading rate (>1,000 MPa/s), due to the viscoelastic property of the sedimentary rock, not only the structural behavior deviates from that of elastic model, but also different cracking processes and final failure modes are obtained.  相似文献   

中国锑矿资源潜力及成矿预测   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

丁建华  杨毅恒邓 凡 《中国地质》2013,40(3):846-858

锑矿是中国的优势矿产之一.地质大调查开展以来,尤其是西部大开发战略找矿政策实施以来,中国西部新发现了一批大中型锑矿.西藏、新疆锑矿资源优势的逐渐显现,打破了原来以湖南、广西、贵州等东部省份为主的分布格局.本文结合全国重要矿产潜力评价成果,通过广泛查阅资料,综合分析地层、构造、岩浆岩等成矿条件,在全国范围内划分了11个锑矿成矿远景区,并分析了主要成矿远景区的成矿特征和找矿潜力.同时还对其他远景区进行了简单评述,提出找矿建议.  相似文献   

不同氧化度碱性水钠锰矿氧化As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ) 的动力学特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐佳丽  张芬  刘凡  谭文峰  邱国红  冯雄汉 《岩石矿物学杂志》2013,32(6):975-984

用批量法研究了Mn平均氧化度分别为4.02、3.85和3.70的碱性水钠锰矿对As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)氧化的动力学特性。结果表明,碱性水钠锰矿氧化As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)先经历准一级动力学反应阶段,随后表观速率常数(k_obs)逐渐减小至趋近零,达到反应平衡,k_obs逐渐减小除了逆反应影响外,还与产物在矿物表面不断积累,钝化反应位点有关。初始反应阶段k_obs随氧化度增加而增大,氧化As(Ⅲ)的k_obs分别为: 0.095 1、0.039 6和0.007 1 min^-1;氧化Cr(Ⅲ)的k_obs分别为0.034 2、0.017 8和0.014 8 min^-1。氧化As(Ⅲ)的初始反应阶段生成的Mn(Ⅱ)基本保留在矿物表面,对反应位点钝化大,使k_obs减小速度快。而Cr(Ⅲ) 氧化初始阶段,Mn(Ⅱ)释放明显滞后于Cr(Ⅵ)释放,但随反应进行逐渐增加,与Cr(Ⅵ)释放量比值接近于反应计量比。故Cr(Ⅲ) 氧化生成Mn(Ⅱ)对位点的钝化远小于As(Ⅲ)氧化,其初始反应阶段后k_obs减小速度较慢,且氧化度越高,保持一级动力学的初始反应阶段越长,k_obs减小越慢。因此,水钠锰矿的Mn氧化度越高,氧化As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的反应速率越快,As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)在碱性水钠锰矿表面氧化产物的释放行为是影响其反应动力学特性的重要因素。  相似文献   

高分辨率石笋记录的三峡库区小冰期气候变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨勋林  陈发虎  袁道先  程海  张月明  黄帆 《地理科学》2013,(5):629-634

基于重庆水鸣洞石笋(NSM03)7个230Th年代数据和438个δ18O数据建立三峡库区1250~1750 A.D.时段分辨率约为1 a的δ18O记录。分析显示石笋δ18O值在1280 A.D.开始迅速偏重,在1300 A.D.附近偏到近500 a来最重,显示季风迅速减弱,库区进入小冰期。石笋记录显示小冰期存在明显的年代际尺度干湿波动,特别是在1400~1650 A.D.时段石笋δ18O值高频振荡,显示季风降水处于频繁波动期。功率谱分析显示石笋δ18O序列具有显著树轮Δ14C周期和ENSO准周期,揭示太阳活动是小冰期主要驱动因素,同时受到海气耦合作用影响。  相似文献   

Evaluating the Temporal and Spatial Urban Expansion Patterns of Guangzhou from 1979 to 2003 by Remote Sensing and GIS Methods     

Fenglei Fan  Maohui Qiu  Zhishi Wang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):1371-1388

China has experienced and is experiencing expeditious urban expansion in the recent decades, especially in the coastal areas and big cities. Rapid urban expansion and dramatic changes of landscape have caused great economic, environmental and social impacts consequently. It is crucial to understand urban temporal, spatial expansion patterns and their related effects. In this paper, urban expansion of Guangzhou, a rapid growing city in south‐east China, from 1979 to 2003 is studied temporally and spatially. Four time ranges including 1979–1990, 1990–1995, 1995–2000 and 2000–2003 are designed and the urban expansion area, expansion rate and the spatial expansion pattern are discussed by using remote sensing data and Geographical Information System (GIS) tool. Two transects are designed along two axes of Guangzhou expansion and the structural of urban expansion patches at different orientations are compared in order to quantitively understand the urban expansion of Guangzhou during the past 24 years. The gradient analysis integrating multi‐temporal data is performed in order to analyze and compare the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban expansion. Two indices of compactness and fractal dimensional index are used to describe the urban developing pattern in the study time durations. And the influence of different types of traffic roads to urban expansion is evaluated using the buffer analysis of GIS. The results show that: (1) temporally, urban area of Guangzhou increase 296.54 km² from 141.15 km² in 1979 to 437.70 km² in 2003 and the increasing rate is up to 210.08%; (2) spatially, Guangzhou has different urban expanding directions in different stages and the general expanding directions are towards northeast, north, southeast and north in four studied time ranges; (3) transportation lines play a very important role in urban expansion of Guangzhou, but different types of road have different impacts. National roads and highways exhibit stronger control to urban expansion than provincial roads; and (4) expansion of Guangzhou has gradually changed from a compact pattern to leapfrogging and disordering patterns.  相似文献   

湿地极危植物中华水韭孢子育苗及幼孢苗管护     

邢建娇  路靖  李范  刘保东 《湿地科学》2013,11(3)

采用土壤和改良的Knop’s固体培养基培养湿地敏感植物、国家一级保护极危蕨类中华水韭(Isoetes sinensis),并获得有性生殖苗;观察记录了配子体发育及幼孢苗发生各阶段的详细过程;总结了幼孢苗的人工管护技术;分析讨论了配子体发育与环境因素间的规律、幼孢苗复壮对策以及病虫害类别、病症及其防治措施等.研究结果表明,中华水韭孢子在22～28℃、光照强度为60 μmol/(m2·s)、每日光照14h和黑暗10h的条件下,可达到90.3％的成熟率;已完成中华水韭的生活史,掌握了孢子育苗及日常管护方法,获得孢苗5 000棵,长势良好,出现孢子囊,以期为回归原产地,拯救该野生种群及湿地保护提供一定的理论依据和可靠的技术支撑.  相似文献